Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. As of July 2020, the disease seems to be mostly affecting Europe and the Americas. The outbreak of Coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan (China) in late 2019 and its Worldwide spread has caused hundreds of thousands of deaths so far. While these herbal medicines will not cure or prevent the flu, they may both improve general patient well-being and offer them an opportunity to personalize the therapeutic approaches. On the same grounds, only ibuprofen resulted promising, but we could not find compelling evidence to endorse the use of paracetamol and/or codeine.Ĭonclusions: Our work suggests that several herbal medicines have safety margins superior to those of reference drugs and enough levels of evidence to start a clinical discussion about their potential use as adjuvants in the treatment of early/mild common flu in otherwise healthy adults within the context of COVID-19. According to our method, the benefits/risks assessment of the herbal medicines was found to be positive in 5 cases ( Althaea officinalis, Commiphora molmol, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hedera helix, and Sambucus nigra), promising in 12 cases ( Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea purpurea, Eucalyptus globulus essential oil, Justicia pectoralis, Magnolia officinalis, Mikania glomerata, Pelargonium sidoides, Pimpinella anisum, Salix sp, Zingiber officinale), and unknown for the rest.
Results: A total of 39 herbal medicines were identified as very likely to appeal to the COVID-19 patient. The benefits/risks balance of the treatments was classified as positive, promising, negative, and unknown. These were evaluated according to a modified PrOACT-URL method with paracetamol, ibuprofen, and codeine as reference drugs.
The target population were adults with early and mild flu symptoms without underlying conditions. Preclinical and clinical data on their efficacy and safety were collected from authoritative sources. Method: The plant selection was primarily based on species listed by the WHO and EMA, but some other herbal remedies were considered due to their widespread use in respiratory conditions. It is expected that many patients will add other symptomatic/adjuvant treatments, such as herbal medicines.Īims: To provide a benefits/risks assessment of selected herbal medicines traditionally indicated for “respiratory diseases” within the current frame of the COVID-19 pandemic as an adjuvant treatment. 7Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University College of London, London, United Kingdomīackground: Current recommendations for the self-management of SARS-Cov-2 disease (COVID-19) include self-isolation, rest, hydration, and the use of NSAID in case of high fever only.6Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.5Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.4Biophysics and Biochemistry Center, Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research, Caracas, Venezuela.3School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.2School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.Dâmaris Silveira 1*†, Jose Maria Prieto-Garcia 2*†, Fabio Boylan 3, Omar Estrada 4, Yris Maria Fonseca-Bazzo 1, Claudia Masrouah Jamal 5, Pérola Oliveira Magalhães 1, Edson Oliveira Pereira 1, Michal Tomczyk 6 and Michael Heinrich 7*†
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